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Annapurna Sriram Wrote the Slutty, Liberated Brown Girl Ingenue She Wanted To Play Herself

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rocketo
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Timothée Chalamet Could Only ‘Wigga’ Out for So Long

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On January 22 the Oscar nominations were announced and, as most bet, Timothée Chalamet made the Best Actor list for his performance in More »
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rocketo
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"His ability to weaponize a fine-tuned silliness at no cost to prestige reflects an industry where white actors enjoy greater freedom in promotion and self-expression."
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Pikes/Pines | It’s easy to ‘leaf’ space for Capitol Hill bees in winter

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You need a bit of patience to see a Small Carpenter Bee, genus Ceratina, well. I caught this little male, put him in a jar in the freezer, and then took photos as he woke up (yes, this is all quite rude). I let him go right where I found him and will forever cherish these little bees when I catch them zipping around our flowers. (Image: Brendan McGarry)

Recently, I was out in my garden pulling up old pieces of bamboo used for fencing around some fragile native plants getting established. I was in the process of making a pile of them to burn, when I noticed several had their hollow ends delicately cemented in. Several years ago I would have thought almost nothing of this, but these little plugs brought me back to spring and the delights of plants and their pollinators. It was a gentle reminder that life is still going, even in the middle of winter.

Until I started learning about bees through the Washington Native Bee Society, joining the Washington Bee Atlas, and studying to become an Apprentice Master Melitologist through Oregon State University (half measures be damned), I probably wouldn’t have had much to say about what bees are doing during the winter. Or rather, I probably wouldn’t have even realized it was a question to ask. Most of us know that insects aren’t out in force during the winter and we generally understand they have to go somewhere during that period of time. But most of us don’t dwell on these ideas and certainly don’t consider them when we go about our annual gardening tasks.

The capped off ends of my bamboo poles were almost certainly created by a Mason Bee. These members of the genus Osmia are well known for their pollination services (they are much more efficient pollinators than European Honeybees), as well as their particular style of nest.

Finding a suitable hollow, be it a bamboo stick, a beetle hole in a log, or a cavity in the side of your concrete foundation, a female mason bee spends most of her adult life filling these spaces with chamber after chamber for her young. Various species use clay, gravel, soil, and even masticated plant material to brick in individual nest chambers for each egg, carefully provisioned with enough pollen and nectar to carry the occupant through to the point of emerging as an adult bee. And then, after a hopefully long, uneventful life of mating, masonry, egg laying, and pollen and nectar gathering – the female mason bee dies and leaves those provisioned young to figure it out.

A Mason Bee using a human provided nesting block. The caps on these holes match those of the bamboo in my yard. (Image: Brendan McGarry)

Right now, there are bees laying in wait for spring and summer all over the Hill. There are probably ones in your home’s exterior walls, in the compact ground, in the plants that still haven’t pruned back.

A vast majority of those bees are univoltine, meaning they only produce one brood of young per year (or season). How they handle the time between egg laying and emerging as adults (remember, insect development is generally egg, larvae, pupa, adult) is as varied as their nesting structures and other life history specifics. But, a majority go through what’s called pre-pupal diapause. Once a female bee leaves her eggs with provisions, they are on their own to hatch into larvae and eat through their stores. Then, once they are just about ready to pupate, they stop doing anything and sit for upwards of nine months. The following spring (or summer depending on the species) the larvae once again become active, pupate, and emerge as adult bees. Rinse and repeat.

Pikes/Pines has regularly featured bees over the past decade, so for many it won’t be a surprise that the vast majority of our native bees almost never sting, are better pollinators than honey bees, and don’t create hives or stores of honey for a colony (bumble bees are the exception). They also mostly go unnoticed because many are tiny and few let you observe them closely, even in flowers. And because they don’t live their lives in even a vaguely similar way to honey bees, their conservation looks very different. In our yards and greenspaces we can take a suite of actions that support native bees through their winter siestas and most aren’t very drastic; mostly it just means leaving well enough alone or altering some garden management habits.

Many of our most common native bees nest right in the ground. Their nests are easy to miss, consisting of only a tiny pile of soil near the entrance hole and a single female bee provisioning her future brood. The curse of the soils on the Hill is that they are a jumble of churned up glacial outwash, clay, and a hundred years of human refuse – not the best substrate for a flourishing garden. Understandably those of us lucky enough to tend a bed or two of plants amend with compost or mulch to keep weeds down. These practices are broadly championed as important aspects of improving soil fertility, but they also run afoul of native bees (not to mention a host of invertebrates, fungi, bacteria, and more) who lay their eggs in the soil. That next brood of bees can become entombed, unable to dig out through the newly applied layers.

While not truly social like Honey Bees (which live in a cooperative hive), some ground nesting bees do create aggregations of separate nests. These nests that I found on San Juan Island were probably from bees in the genus Anthophora, the digger bees. Fast flying, hairy, and about the size of a bumblebee, Pacific Digger Bees, Anthophora pacifica, are a likely spring bee to see on the Hill. (Image: Brendan McGarry)

My solution to this conundrum is to mulch less heavily than I used to (an inch at most), and skip a few garden beds each winter, particularly if I notice a lot of bee activity in a specific area. Plus, a lot of the native plants I have started spreading about don’t need as heavy handed an approach to soil treatment because many are used to our native soil conditions. I also make sure I leave some areas with bare soil or gravel entirely alone. The patches of soil around rock steps in our yard always have little bees in the genus Andrena, the mining bees, nesting in them.

Mason Bees, and many of their relatives like to use any available cavity of the right diameter and depth for their nests. If you pay enough attention this coming spring, you might notice a darkly metallic bee visiting holes in house siding or other outdoor buildings. If this female bee finds the right place to start a brood you’ll eventually find it capped off with a lid, just like the one I found in my bamboo fence. The good news is that these bees essentially never excavate, they just use whatever they can find (a notable species not in our region uses snail shells) and are entirely harmless to your structures. If you find them and can’t handle the idea of sharing space in the long term, at least give the occupants a chance to emerge in the spring and fill in the holes once they’ve been vacated.

These two bundles of leaves are individual nest cells of a Megachile bee, a Leaf Cutter bee related to mason bees. Unfortunately I found them after digging into a pile of compost. I did my best to replace them but they probably didn’t make it. This kind of disturbance is very common in our managed landscapes but in some cases it can be avoided. (Image: Brendan McGarry)

Plenty of people get excited about “bug” or “bee” motels, some variously constructed bundle of holes waiting for use by invertebrates for overwintering or nesting. At face value they seem excellent things to add to our yards, and Mason Bees will readily use them. However, all too often these become hosts to nest parasites that plague bees or simply congregate bee predators to one place.

Insects can find their own spaces just fine if we don’t spend all our waking hours trying to scrub and perfect our landscaping. Most Mason Bee keepers take a very active role in the bee lifecycle to boost fruit production. Unless that’s your goal, or you are willing to put in time keeping a “bee hotel” clean and ready to use each year, it’s probably better to just let the bees naturally disperse in your landscape and be tolerant of them using your buildings’ little cracks to rear their young every once in awhile.

Inside your prize rose stems, those dead elderberry branches, and the canes of blackberries you neglected for a few years, there are likely bees waiting out winter. Several common species of bees, the Small Carpenter Bees in the genus Ceratina, and Masked Bees in the Genus Hylaeus make good use of the pithy center of a wide variety of plants native, introduced, and ornamental. They and other species also use the hollow stems of last year’s flowers.

A Masked Bee, genus Hylaeus using an exposed cut on a rose to access the easily accessible pithy center. This bit was already dying back and it really poses no threat to the rose. In a more wild setting these bees would also benefit a plant they nest in by pollinating them. (Image: Brendan McGarry)

If you are a garden cleaner but want to help native bees, you may want to think twice about your methods, or consider avoiding raking, cutting back, etc. entirely (in a lot of cases it’s not really all that necessary from a plant health or ecological perspective). I like to leave my flowers’ seed heads intact through the winter (also a nice way to feed birds without needing feeders), and deadhead, leaving the old stems in place, in spring. This gives newly emerging flower stems room to grow, new hollows for bees, and lets last year’s bees emerge without bother. And if you can handle not over managing your garden, it saves you time for more important things like growing native plants (yes, I am biased).

Just letting your plants and greenspaces do their thing is one of the best actions we can do to support overwintering bees and other invertebrates. I know it’s hard in practice and I am not suggesting everyone should let things go entirely. But leaves left in place are truly wintering places for a wide variety of species and usually are a beneficial mulch for the plants that lost the leaves in the first place. Keeping your spade out of the ground and minimizing your snipping and shearing will let insects thrive – this is one of the next steps in ecological gardening after ceasing the use of pesticides, over fertilizing, and fetishizing the lawn. And certainly a few “pest” species may come with this approach, but I’ve often found that if I give space for lots of species, many issues sort themselves out without my active involvement.

You might have read through this and wondered “ but why should I care about native bees?” If that is truly a question you are asking, you might have felt your pulse quicken when I mentioned how good Mason Bees are at pollinating. But I find the motivation to protect nature that is rooted only in knowing what services said natural things provide people is shallow at best. It’s like appreciating a car that works great, but hating it when it’s no longer functional (even if you were the reason it doesn’t start). My real answer is that bees are extremely cool, beautiful, and easy to share spaces with. They complement our greenspaces, live complex lives, and deserve our respect as fellow species on the Hill throughout the year.

 

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rocketo
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"bees are extremely cool, beautiful, and easy to share spaces with. They complement our greenspaces, live complex lives, and deserve our respect as fellow species on the Hill throughout the year."
seattle, wa
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Mutual Aid Has a Black American Blueprint

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"Carrying a long range vision for collective care, sustainability, and survival can feel heavy and lonely at times."

The post Mutual Aid Has a Black American Blueprint appeared first on Autostraddle.

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rocketo
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Best gas masks

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268286_Best_gas_mask_CVirginia3

268286_Best_gas_mask_CVirginia3

On tear gas, and what it means when the government uses it on civilians.

by

Sarah Jeong

Sarah Jeong

is a features editor who publishes award-winning stories about law, tech, and internet subcultures. A journalist trained as a lawyer, she has been writing about tech for 10 years.

I was tear gassed by the government for the first time in July 2020 at one of the many Black Lives Matter protests that broke out all over the country. The feeling is excruciating, like your lungs are trying to kill you from the inside out. The sting in your eyes is painful, too. But oddly, after you’ve been tear gassed enough times, you mostly just resent the inconvenience of having to stand around and involuntarily gasp and sob. That summer, I learned the art of walking out of a cloud of tear gas — briskly, but not too briskly, lest you lose breath control and take in a huge huff of aerosolized pain.

I thought about this five years later, as I watched Trump Attorney General Pam Bondi appear on Fox News after Customs and Border Protection agents killed Alex Pretti in Minneapolis. “How did these people go out and get gas masks?” she asked, incredulously. “These protesters — would you know how to walk out on the street and buy a gas mask, right now? Think about that.”

As a longtime gas mask user, I can sympathize. There isn’t a lot of reliable information out there about how to buy a gas mask, especially for the specific purpose of living under state repression. But hopefully after reading this guide you’ll feel equipped to make an educated decision.

The best gas mask for most people

$120

The Good

  • Full face
  • Blocks out tear gas from both federal and local law enforcement
  • Adjustable straps to fit a range of head sizes
  • Filters included
  • Affordable price point

The Bad

  • Rubber straps can tug on your hair
  • Plastic cinching components broke five years after purchase
  • Does not fit with most bike helmets
  • Difficult to wear for longer than an hour at a time
  • Unclear how well the default filters handle particulates

The first time I went out into the Portland protests, I walked into a cloud of pepper spray and ended up crying and coughing while doubled over on a nearby sidewalk. So I bought some goggles. The next time, I was tear gassed. I bought better goggles and a half-face respirator. About a week later, I owned a full-face gas mask; one ex-military friend remarked that the gas mask looked more hardcore than the ones that the US Army handed out to joes. This was just silly, since the mask I had bought was technically a full-face respirator, rather than a proper military-grade mask, but I had to admit that my new equipment looked very extreme.

Dozens of my fellow journalists were already on the ground by the time I got there; as the feds escalated in force, we all upgraded our equipment bit by bit. The mask I got was pretty good. I practiced taking it out of my bag and pulling it over my head, anticipating the moment I heard the telltale hiss of a gas canister; I learned how to tighten and adjust the straps while on the move. With the mask on, I could stand in the thick pea-soupers of brownish tear gas that the feds were so fond of, and pull out my phone and start tapping out my reporting notes.

When I eventually sat down to write my article about the Portland protests, I had a strange kind of epiphany, if it can even be called that. Out in the real world, when drowning in tear gas and adrenaline, I only thought of the feds as an antagonistic, occupying force; later, in the confines of my home office, I found myself considering their perspective. But rather than adding nuance and clarity to the fucked-up warzone less than a mile from my apartment, I was more confused than ever.

What we’re looking for

Who we consulted

The Verge consulted journalists who covered the Portland protests in 2020, where federal and local forces regularly used tear gas against protesters over the course of four months.

Easy to use

It’s important for a gas mask to slide over your head quickly, even in a chaotic environment.

A comfortable fit and coverage

You may be wearing a gas mask for just a few minutes, or you may find yourself in the mask for several hours at a time. After testing against both federal and local law enforcement, we found that although a half-face respirator and goggles are better than nothing, they are not an adequate substitute for full-face coverage.

Durability

A quality gas mask should last through normal wear and tear, like getting beaten or thrown around by the police. The materials of a gas mask are especially important if a federal agent grabs you by your hair.

Value

The best gas masks run close to $400, which is not a price point that everyone can afford. Not everyone can shell out for the gold standard in gas masks, but fortunately there are still decent options for around $120.

Why did tear gas even exist? I wondered later, as I sat at my laptop to write my piece. As far as I could tell, all it did was make people angrier. If it neither killed nor neutralized, and merely hurt and enraged people, for what situation could it ever be appropriate? Why was it being used at all?

I struggled, too, with vocabulary. I was at my computer, trying to point to concrete proof to explain that the protests were protests rather than riots, but I found myself baffled as to what the hallmarks of a riot even were. I had thought that a crowd being tear gassed in the dead of night might be similar to a mosh pit at a concert, but riddled with fear instead of elation — a crowd pushing and shoving, overcome with heightened emotion. But I found that the people around me, even when they were screaming and throwing eggs and other produce at the feds, would apologize if they even slightly jostled me. I did worry about being trampled one time, while standing next to an underprepared television crew that had come without gas masks and kept panicking throughout the night. When did a gathering turn into a riot? Were riots even real?

I started polling my friends on whether they’d ever witnessed something they could describe indisputably as a riot. Everyone I knew had only ever seen clashes with the police that were disputed as protests, riots, or uprisings. There was only one outlier: a friend of a friend, a European who had once been caught up in a soccer riot. Tear gas had been deployed, and instead of exacerbating things, the tear gas had worked. The two supporters’ clubs had disengaged and dispersed.

This revelation had me reeling. I had spent my entire adult life thinking that riot cops existed to fight protesters, and although I had long been critical of police brutality, for some reason, I had come to accept that there were two sides to a conflict and that the police would be one of those sides. I had forgotten that there could ever be domestic conflicts where law enforcement were not themselves belligerents.

The best high-end gas mask

$199

The Good

  • Full face with excellent coverage and filtering
  • Military-grade
  • Comfortable
  • Adjustable straps don’t drag on your hair
  • Durable enough to survive a scuffle with a right-wing extremist, even if the bones of your hand do not

The Bad

  • Expensive
  • Filters not included
  • Can be heavy if you run it with two filters
  • You look like a character in Fallout 4

Mira makes the best masks that money can buy. Sergio Olmos, who has reported from both Portland and Ukraine, swears by Mira’s CM-6M specifically. Robert Evans of the Behind the Bastards podcast owns multiple Mira products and recommends all of them. His military-grade mask, he says, allows him to breathe while standing in “clouds of tear gas so thick I couldn’t see my hand in front of my face.” He also sometimes uses a Mira respirator. During a street brawl between hundreds of Portland leftists and right-wing agitators, Evans was “soaked to my underpants in mace” used by the right-wingers. “But thanks to the full face respirator I was never blinded nor was my airway constricted.”

I kept the gas mask long after I had filed my draft and the piece had run. It still got some use now and then, but as the protests petered out, I eventually put the gas mask on my bookshelf as a memento of a surreal era, and as a reminder that fascism lurked just beneath the surface of American civic life.

The longer I wear the gas mask, the more the rubber seal presses against my skin. When it’s tight, it’s uncomfortable; when it’s loose, it slowly drags down and chafes the skin. I hate that you have to lean in real close in order to talk to people; I hate the vague sensation of being trapped inside a fishbowl. I also strongly suspect that the mask is not adequate protection against the particulates in tear gas from a health standpoint — I didn’t have a normal period for six months after the 2020 protests.

But even if the mask wasn’t handling all of the particulates, I was pain-free while wearing the mask, and that was the most important part in a chaotic, low-visibility situation where I had a job to do. My body still remembers what it feels like to get tear gassed, and even the sight of a deployed smoke grenade will make me tense up. I have never coughed, cried, or thrown up while wearing the gas mask. In 2025, I took the gas mask off my shelf. It now resides in my reporting bag. Its presence there is reassuring; I know I can do my work even when trapped in a chemical haze.

Also a great choice

$140

The Good

  • Full face
  • 3M manufactures a variety of filters

The Bad

  • Filters have to be bought separately
  • 3M does not provide product information on which filters are best for government repression
  • No one can hear anything you’re saying

Over the course of 2020, Suzette Smith (currently Portland Mercury) tried swimming goggles, “ski goggles with duct tape over them,” and other options before a reader gifted her a 3M 6800 Full-Face Respirator. “I’ve relied on those ever since,” she tells The Verge. Zane Sparling (The Oregonian) also uses a full-face 3M, which he says was the first option he found when he searched Amazon.

For a while, it felt like the world had forgotten about what happened in Portland in 2020, that this cataclysmic event over the course of four months that left so many of my peers battered both physically and emotionally had been memory-holed for being too heavy to grapple with. But as the feds surged into Minnesota, orchestrating an invasion bigger by several orders of magnitude, I realized that the past was not dead and buried. I could see the legacy of 2020 in photos from Minneapolis — the unmarked vans, the ICE agents dressed like right-wing militias, the protesters in gas masks and helmets. Even phone calls from other reporters asking what kind of gear I owned was a reminder that nothing is truly in vain.

The 2020 federal invasion of Portland ended with DHS withdrawing from the city — not because the protesters breached the walls or killed the feds or captured the castle, but because the protests simply refused to subside.

No matter how much tear gas the feds flooded into downtown, the crowds got bigger, not smaller. When the news of the van abductions spread, the protests swelled with people who looked like they belonged at an HOA meeting, rather than shoulder-to-shoulder with black bloc anarchists. Eventually, thousands would throng the park blocks in front of the downtown federal courthouse.

This was not a case of fans of rival football clubs getting too drunk and rowdy and then coming to their senses after a little jolt of weaponized capsaicin. Portland donned its gas mask and stood its ground.

As we’ve learned in the last year, Portland is far from unique. Cities across America have shown resilience and courage in the face of sudden abductions, unmarked vans, and masked agents. We do not have time to heave, cough, or weep — so we pull on our gas masks and walk forward into the mist.

What is tear gas for? It is for inciting riots. How did people go out and get gas masks? They ordered them online, because they do not want to riot.

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  • Sarah Jeong
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rocketo
2 days ago
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"A quality gas mask should last through normal wear and tear, like getting beaten or thrown around by the police. The materials of a gas mask are especially important if a federal agent grabs you by your hair."

one of those articles that just perfectly encapsulates the age it's written in
seattle, wa
acdha
3 days ago
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“I had forgotten that there could ever be domestic conflicts where law enforcement were not themselves belligerents.”
Washington, DC
sarcozona
3 days ago
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Epiphyte City
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Gus Kenworthy Wouldn’t Mind Meeting Heated Rivalry in the Rink

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Olympian Gus Kenworthy is letting Crave know that after Milan, he’s totally available for any gay hockey romance-related gigs, specifically More »
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rocketo
3 days ago
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NOOOOOOOOOOOO
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